Infertility in men is typically evaluated using semen analysis to assess sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. The most common causes of male infertility are low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or problems that affect sperm transport. The current report updates and expands on the findings of the previous MSMR analysis of infertility among active component service men. The surveillance period was 1 January through 31 December The surveillance population consisted of active component service members of the U.
When and how should new technology be introduced into the IVF laboratory? During the 5-year surveillance period, a total of 17, active component service men received incident diagnoses of male infertility, for a crude overall incidence rate of There is an urgent requirement to understand these cellular, molecular biochemical and genetic mechanism s in order to formulate appropriate diagnostic assays, develop rational therapy for the male, and understand how external factors, such as the environment, negatively or positively influence these processes.
Herein, we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarize the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organization WHO for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review of the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized problem or population P, intervention I, comparison C and outcome s O PICO questions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and research gaps identified during the synthesis of this evidence. The aim of this paper is to present an evidence-based approach for the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized PICO questions. Collating the evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process as developed by WHO, namely: identification of priority questions and critical outcomes; retrieval of up-to-date evidence and existing guidelines; assessment and synthesis of the evidence; and the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation the quality of the supporting evidence was then graded and assessed for consideration during a WHO consensus. Evidence was synthesized and recommendations were drafted to address the diagnosis of male infertility specifically encompassing the following: What is the prevalence of male infertility and what proportion of infertility is attributable to the male?
Y chromosome infertility is a condition that affects the production of sperm and causes male infertility, which means it is difficult or impossible for affected men to father children. An affected man’s body may produce no mature sperm cells azoospermia, fewer than the usual number of sperm cells oligospermia, or sperm cells that are abnormally shaped or that do not move properly. Men with Y chromosome infertility do not have any other signs or symptoms related to the condition. Some men with Y chromosome infertility who have mild to moderate oligospermia may eventually father a child naturally. Men with oligospermia may also be helped with assisted reproductive technologies; most men with Y chromosome infertility have some sperm cells in the testes that can be extracted for this purpose. Y chromosome infertility occurs in approximately 1 in 2, to 1 in 3, males of all ethnic groups. This condition accounts for about 13 percent of cases of azoospermia and 5 percent of severe oligospermia. As its name suggests, this form of infertility is caused by changes in the Y chromosome.